To understand a lecture or a written text, it is not enough just to understand the important information in each sentence. It is also necessary to understand how the sentences are connected with each other.

Every text has a structure. The parts that make up the text are related in a meaningful way to each other. Recognising the way in which a text has been organised will help you to understand it better.

Words like "it", "this", "that", "here", "there" etc. refer to other parts of the text.
Other words used in this way are "he", " him", "it", "this", "that", "these", "those", "here", "there" etc.

Also, words such as "one", "ones", "do", "so", "not" can be used.

Finally, you can also refer to the same idea by using the different words that share the meaning, for example: "a doggie" can be replaced when repeated by "the dog," "the pet," "the animal," "man's best friend," "the beast," etc.

Read the sentences first, then choose the correct answer. Only one is correct.

1. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries and one of its fastest growing economic sectors. It has a multitude of impacts, both positive and negative, on people's lives and on the environment.
   
   What does "It" (the first word in sentence two) refer to?

   1.   ?    World
   2.   ?    Tourism
   3.   ?    Industries
   4.   ?    Economic sectors

2. Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and
   socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability.
   
   What does "these three dimensions" refer to?

   1.   ?    Sustainability principles
   2.   ?    Environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development
   3.   ?    A suitable balance

3. Sustainable tourism should respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and
   tolerance.
   
   What does "their" refer to?

   1.   ?    Sustainable tourism
   2.   ?    Socio-cultural authenticity
   3.   ?    Host communities
   4.   ?    Built and living heritage

4. The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, tourism's relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends.
   
   What does "It" refer to?

   1.   ?    The quality of the environment
   2.   ?    Tourism
   3.   ?    Environment

5. What does "these impacts" refer to?

   1.   ?    Tourism's relationship
   2.   ?    Environment
   3.   ?    Adverse environmental effects